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【透视社·晓万物】江西发现国家近危级珍稀植物水晶兰_我的网站

一 |     近日，在新余市分宜县亚林中心年珠实验林场，工作人员发现国家近危级珍稀植物——水晶兰。图源：“江西发布”微信公众号　　水晶兰，这个名字如梦如幻，在生物界中也有着独特而神秘的地位。    New Delhi, Oct 14 (UNI) The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) on Friday issued notices to Union Ministries of Women & Child Development, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, the governments of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra over menace of Devadasi system, calling for a detailed report in the matter.

The report must contain the supporting data mentioning the steps taken/proposed to be taken by the authorities to prevent the Devadasi system and to provide the Devadasis rehabilitation and social security so that they could lead their lives with dignity. It should also mention whether any local laws have been enacted in the States to prevent such social evil, and if not what steps have been proposed to be taken to eradicate it, NHRC in a statement stated.

The Commission took suo motu cognizance of a media report on the continued menace of Devadasi system, especially in southern part of India. Reportedly, the Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments had declared this tradition of Devadasi as illegal in the year 1982 and 1988, respectively. However, reportedly, over 70,000 women have been leading their lives as Devadasi in Karnataka alone, it stated.

A Commission constituted under the chairmanship of Justice Raghunath Rao had reportedly held that there are 80,000 Devadasis in the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, it added.

Issuing the notices, the Commission observed that a few years back, it had received a complaint regarding the malpractice of Devadasi in the States of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. In response to its notices, the state authorities had denied the allegations. Various laws have also been enacted in the past to stop the malpractice of the Devadasi system but it is still prevailing, as the news report indicates. The Apex Court has also taken a stern stance in condemning the malpractice of dedicating young girls as Devadasis. It has described the practice as an evil done to women by subjecting them to sexual exploitation and prostitution. This is a serious issue of violation of Right to Life, Dignity and Equality of these victim women, it added.

UNI CM SHK2145。它是武侠小说“幽灵之花”的原型，其形酷似一株洁白无瑕的水晶，散发着诡异而迷人的光芒。

二 | 水晶兰虽然分布广泛，但其个体数量在同一地区却极为很少，是名副其实的珍稀植物。　　当天上午，年珠实验林场的工作人员在林区野外作业时，无意中发现路边生长着几株奇特植物，植物高10至15厘米，为白色半透明鳞片，花朵微微下垂。

三 | 后经辨认，该植物为水晶兰。　　据了解，水晶兰虽然名字带“兰”却不是兰花，而属于鹿蹄草科植物。多年生，草本，腐生；茎直立，单一，不分枝，高10厘米至30厘米，全株无叶绿素，白色，肉质，干后变黑褐色。水晶兰八九月份开花，主要分布于俄罗斯、日本、印度、东南亚、北美等国家及地区；在我国主要分布于山西、云南、四川、贵州、广西等省份。　　水晶兰对海拔、气候、土壤等生长环境尤为苛刻，分布在中高海拔的针阔混交林和阔叶林下，大多生长在海拔800米至3200米的幽暗潮湿的环境里，只有在人迹罕至、阳光稀缺、生态环境非常好且落叶重重的深山丛林里才有机会见到，非常罕至。　　水晶兰经过千万年的进化，叶子已经蜕变成白色的鳞片，浑身晶莹剔透如水晶一般，没有一点叶绿素，无法进行光合作用，依靠腐烂的植物获得养分。因其特殊的腐生方式，水晶兰被称作“幽冥之花”，或称“梦兰花”“腐生花”等，是一种无毒植物。在武侠小说中，水晶兰被神化成能够起死回生的仙草，要么被视为具有灵异力量，可以无形中致人毙命的邪物，甚至将它的幽香也描写得令人毛骨悚然。其实水晶兰既没有回天的魔力，更不会伤人致命，而是一味性草味淡，可医治体虚久咳的民间良药。

四 | 　　水晶兰虽属多年生草本腐生植物，即其正常生命周期超过两年，但一年365天，有300多天都隐藏在地下，只有40多天露出地面，开花结果。

五 | 如果碰到极端天气，或者受到环境影响，它们露出地面的时间还会更短。水晶兰在2013年列入《中国生物多样性红色名录-高等植物卷》，属于近危物种。

六 | 　　水晶兰的种子异常微小，几乎没有任何营养物质，且根部完全寄生在其他植物的根上。

七 | 这种生物特性使得水晶兰在普通的人工环境中很难存活。

八 | 　　“水晶兰对生长环境要求特别苛刻，这表明大岗山地区生态环境保护的效果很好，同时也对水晶兰的地域分布研究提供了参考。”亚林中心年珠实验林场科技人员袁毅杰称。　　（透视社综合央视新闻、云南网、大江网、贵州日报、大皖新闻、南宁晚报、“江西发布”微信公众号报道）　　编辑：李煦、廖明娟（实习）　　校对：李旭颖　　审核：龚紫陌。

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